A high-rise building, also called High-rise, is a multi-story building tall enough to require the use of a system of mechanical vertical transportation such as elevators. The skyscraper (q.v.) is a very tall high-rise building.
The first high-rise buildings were constructed in the United States in the 1880s. They arose in urban areas where increased land prices and great population densities created a demand for buildings that rose vertically rather than spread horizontally, thus occupying less precious land area. High-rise buildings were made practicable by the use of steel structural frames and glass exterior sheathing. By the mid-20th century, such buildings had become a standard feature of the architectural landscape in most countries in the world.
The foundations of high-rise buildings must sometimes support very heavy gravity loads, and they usually consist of concrete piers, piles, or caissons that are sunk into the ground. Beds of solid rock are the most desirable base, but ways have been found to distribute loads evenly even on relatively soft ground. The most important factor in the design of high-rise buildings, however, is the building’s need to withstand the lateral forces imposed by winds and potential earthquakes. Most high-rises have frames made of steel or steel and concrete. Their frames are constructed of columns (vertical-support members) and beams (horizontal-support members). Cross-bracing or shear walls may be used to provide a structural frame with greater lateral rigidity in order to withstand wind stresses. Even more stable frames use closely spaced columns at the building’s perimeter, or they use the bundled-tube system, in which a number of framing tubes are bundled together to form exceptionally rigid columns.
High-rise buildings are enclosed by curtain walls; these are non-load-bearing sheets of glass, masonry, stone, or metal that are affixed to the building’s frame through a series of vertical and horizontal members called mullions and muntins.
The principal means of vertical transport in a high-rise is the elevator (q.v.). It is moved by an electric motor that raises or lowers the cab in a vertical shaft by means of wire ropes. Each elevator cab is also engaged by vertical guide tracks and has a flexible electric cable connected to it that provides power for lighting, door operation, and signal transmission.
Because of their height and their large occupant populations, high-rises require the careful provision of life-safety systems. Fire-prevention standards should be strict, and provisions for adequate means of egress in case of fire, power failure, or other accident should be provided. Although originally designed for commercial purposes, many high-rises are now planned for multiple uses. The combination of office, residential, retail, and hotel space is common.
Adad was a weather god of the Babylonian and Assyrian pantheon. The name Adad may have been brought into Mesopotamia toward the …..
Adair v. the United States refers to (1908), case in which the U.S. Supreme Court upheld “yellow dog” contracts forbidding workers from joining ……..
Adal was the historic Islāmic state of eastern Africa, in the Danakil-Somali region southwest of the Gulf of Aden, with its capital at Harer ……………
Adalbert died c. 966. Adalberto Lombard was king of Italy who shared the throne for 11 years with his father, Berengar II, and after Berengar’s …….
Adalbert Kuhn was born on November 19th, 1812 inKönigsberg,Prussia [nowKaliningrad,Russia] and died May 5th, 1881,Berlin,Germany (acc 13)
Human ageing and the Nervous system: Changes in the structures of the brain due to normal ageing are not striking. It is true …
Atto Adalbert died in 988. He was an Italian Azzo Adalberto count of Canossa (located near Reggio nell’Emilia, Italy) and founder …….
Adam and Eve were in the Judeo-Christian and Islāmic traditions, the original human couple, parents of the human race ……………
Adam De La Halle was born c. 1250 in Arras, France and died c. 1306 in Naples. ………….
Adam’s Bridge is also called Rama’s Bridge, a chain of shoals, between the islands of Mannar, near northwestern Sri Lanka, and Rāmeswaram ………..
Adolphe Adam was born on July 24th 1803 in Paris, France and died on May 3rd, 1856 in Paris ……….
Robert Adam was born on July 3rd, 1728 in Kirkcaldy,Fife,Scotland. He died on March 3rd, 1792 inLondon,England ……….
The primary age change in the skin is a gradual loss of elasticity. Although this basic change plays a role, other factors, such as exposure to the weather and familial traits, also contribute ……
The Adamawa Plateau, also spelled Adamaoua Plateau, is an volcanic upland in west-central Africa. Though chiefly in north-central Cameroon, part ……….
Louis Adamic was born on March 23rd, 1899 in Blato, Slovenia, Austria-Hungary [now in Slovenia] and died September 4th, 1951, near Riegelsville …………
Saint Adamnan was born c. 625 in County Donegal, Ireland and died 704, feast day September 23. Adamnan is also spelled Adomnan, also called Eunan ………..
Arthur Adamov was born on August 23rd, 1908 inKislovodsk,Russia and died on March 16th, 1970 inParis,France. ….
With ageing, the bones gradually lose calcium. As a result they become more fragile and are more likely to break, even with minor falls ….
Gerry Adams was born on October 6th, 1948 in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Adams, in full Gerard Adams, was president of Sinn Féin, the political wing ……………..
Franklin Pierce Adams was born on November 15th, 1881, in Chicago, USA and died on March 23rd, 1960 in New York City ……………
